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Belize — Gun Facts, Figures and the Law

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StockpilesGun Numbers

Civilian Guns

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms

The estimated total number of guns held by civilians in Belize is 29,0001

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Rate of Civilian Firearm Possession per 100 Population

The rate of private gun ownership in Belize is 10.01 firearms per 100 people

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Number of Privately Owned Firearms - World Ranking

In a comparison of the number of privately owned guns in 178 countries, Belize ranked at No. 1612

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Rate of Privately Owned Firearms per 100 Population - World Ranking

In a comparison of the rate of private gun ownership in 178 countries, Belize ranked at No. 621

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Number of Registered Firearms

The number of registered guns in Belize is reported to be 10,7553

Government Guns

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Number of Military Firearms

The defence forces of Belize are reported to have 2,8984 firearms

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Number of Law Enforcement Firearms

Police in Belize are reported to have 1,0195 firearms

ImpactsDeath and Injury

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Homicides (any method)

ChartIn Belize, annual homicides by any means total

2010: 1296 7
2009: 97
2008: 103
2007: 97
2006: 92
2005: 81
2004: 79
2003: 67
2002: 87
2001: 64
2000: 41

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Rate of Homicide per 100,000 People (any method)

ChartIn Belize, the annual rate of homicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2010: 41.216 7
2009: 31.60
2008: 34.22
2007: 32.88
2006: 31.94
2005: 28.72
2004: 28.62
2003: 24.81
2002: 32.95
2001: 24.81
2000: 16.27
1999: 15.008 7
1998: 13.00
1997: 10.008
1996: 10.00
1995: 16.30

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Gun Homicides

ChartIn Belize, annual firearm homicides total

2010: 687
2009: 47
2008: 66
2007: 41
2006: 37
2005: 41
2004: 36

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Rate of Gun Homicide per 100,000 People

ChartIn Belize, the annual rate of firearm homicide per 100,000 population is

2010: 21.87
2009: 15.47 6
2008: 22.1
2007: 14.0
2006: 12.9
2005: 14.6
2004: 13.1

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Suicides (any method)

In Belize, annual suicides by any means total

2001: 199

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Rate of Suicide per 100,000 People (any method)

In Belize, the annual rate of suicide by any means per 100,000 population is

2009: 3.589

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Gun Suicides

In Belize, annual firearm suicides total

2000: 110

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Rate of Gun Suicide per 100,000 People

In Belize, the annual rate of firearm suicide per 100,000 population is

2000: 0.3910

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Unintentional Gun Deaths

In Belize, annual unintentional shooting deaths total

2000: 110

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Rate of Unintentional Gun Death per 100,000 People

In Belize, the annual rate of unintentional shooting death per 100,000 population is

2000: 0.3910

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Gun Deaths from Undetermined Cause

In Belize, annual shooting deaths in which the cause remains undecided total

1998: 010

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Rate of Gun Death from Undetermined Cause per 100,000 People

In Belize, the annual rate of unknown-cause shooting deaths per 100,000 population is

1998: 0.0010

ProductionGun Industry

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Regulation of Firearm Makers

In Belize, the manufacture of small arms, ammunition and/or their components is permitted only if the maker holds a valid licence11

TransfersGun Trade and Trafficking

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Regulation of Firearm Exports

In Belize, firearm and ammunition exports are limited by transfer control law 12 13 14 15

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Small Arms Exports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition exports from Belize is reported to be US$016 (2011)

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Regulation of Firearm Imports

In Belize, firearm and ammunition imports are limited by transfer control law 17 14 15 18

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Small Arms Imports (US$) - Customs

The annual value of small arms and ammunition imports to Belize is reported to be US$405,88216 (2011)

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Regulation of Arms Brokers

In Belize, the activities of arms brokers and transfer intermediaries are not specifically regulated by law19 20

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End User Certificates

Customs regulations in Belize do not include19 20 certification of the intended end user of any small arms or ammunition transfer, and/or a written declaration of its intended end use

MeasuresGun Regulation

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Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy

The regulation of guns in Belize is categorised as restrictive21

Firearm Law

Guiding gun control legislation in Belize includes the Firearms Act 200022, the Firearms (Amendment) Act of 200823 and the Firearms Regulations 200024

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Right to Possess Firearms

In Belize, the right to private gun ownership is not guaranteed by law25 19 20

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Prohibited Firearms and Ammunition

In Belize, civilians are not allowed to possess all assault rifles, automatic and semiautomatic firearms, rifles of calibre greater than 7.62 mm or 0.30 inch, sawed-off rifles or shotguns, shotguns of barrel length 21 inches or less, rifled shotguns, handguns of calibre greater than 9mm or .38inch, armour-piercing ammunition, silencers, or extended handgun magazines26

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Regulation of Automatic Assault Weapons

In Belize, private possession of fully automatic weapons is prohibited26 27

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Regulation of Semiautomatic Assault Weapons

In Belize, private possession of semi-automatic assault weapons is prohibited26 27

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Regulation of Handguns

In Belize, private possession of handguns (pistols and revolvers) is permitted under licence, except handguns over 9mm or .38 calibre, or Magnum cartridges other than .22 inch or 5.6mm26 27

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Gun Owner Licensing

In Belize, only licensed gun owners28 29 may lawfully acquire, possess or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Genuine Reason Required for Firearm Licence

Applicants for a gun owner’s licence in Belize are required to prove genuine reason to possess a firearm, for example, self-defence25 30

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Minimum Age for Firearm Possession

The minimum age for gun ownership in Belize is 16 years25 31

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Gun Owner Background Checks

An applicant for a firearm licence in Belize must pass background checks which consider criminal, mental, medical and previous firearm ownership25 records

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Reference Required for Firearm Licence

In Belize, third party character references for each gun licence applicant are not required19 20

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Domestic Violence and Firearms

Where a past history, or apprehended likelihood of family violence exists, the law in Belize does not stipulate19 20 that a gun licence should be denied or revoked

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Firearm Safety Training

In Belize, an understanding of firearm safety and the law, tested in a theoretical and/or practical training course is not required19 20 32 for a firearm licence

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Gun Owner Licensing Period

In Belize gun owners must re-apply and re-qualify for their firearm licence every 1 year33

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Licensing Records

In Belize, authorities maintain a record34 29 27 of individual civilians licensed to acquire, possess, sell or transfer a firearm or ammunition

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Limit on Number of Guns

Licensed firearm owners in Belize are permitted to possess only the number of firearms indicated in the licence28

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Limit on Quantity, Type of Ammunition

A licensed firearm owner in Belize is permitted to possess only the quantity of ammunition indicated in the licence28

Firearm Registration

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Civilian Gun Registration

In Belize, the law requires34 35 36 29 that a record of the acquisition, possession and transfer of each privately held firearm be retained in an official register

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Gun Dealer Record Keeping

In Belize, licensed firearm dealers are required36 to keep a record of each firearm or ammunition purchase, sale or transfer on behalf of a regulating authority

Gun Sales and Transfers

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Background Checks for Private Gun Sales

The buyer of a firearm in a private sale in Belize is not obliged19 20 to pass official background checks before taking possession

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Regulation of Private Gun Sales

In Belize, the private sale and transfer of firearms is permitted35

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Regulation of Dealer Gun Sales

In Belize, dealing in firearms by way of business without a valid gun dealer’s licence is unlawful37 38

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Waiting Period for Gun Possession

In Belize, the minimum wait for a lawful firearm purchase to be completed is undetermined19 20

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Regulation of Gun Shows

In Belize, gun shows and temporary firearm dealing events are not regulated19 20 in law

Storage and Transport of Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Private

Firearm regulations in Belize include29 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of private firearms and ammunition by licensed gun owners

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Firearm and Ammunition Storage Regulations - Dealer

Firearm regulations in Belize include38 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition by licensed arms dealers

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Firearm and Ammunition Transport Regulations

Regulations in Belize do not include19 20 written specifications for the lawful safe storage of firearms and ammunition while in transit

Marking and Tracing Guns and Ammunition

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Firearm Marking

In Belize, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law36

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Firearm Tracing

In Belize, state authorities do not carry out19 20 32 recognised arms tracing and tracking procedures

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Ballistic Marking of Firearms and Ammunition

In Belize, state authorities do not employ19 20 32 ballistic fingerprinting technology to trace guns and ammunition

Carrying Guns

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Carrying Guns Openly in Public

In Belize, carrying a firearm in plain view in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit28 39 40 32

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Carrying Hidden Handguns in Public

In Belize, carrying a concealed firearm in a public place is allowed, subject to a valid permit28 39 40 32

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Penalty for Illicit Firearm Possession

In Belize, the maximum penalty for illicit possession of firearms is a prison term of 5 years for a first offence, and 7 years for a second or subsequent offence41

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Collection, Amnesty and Destruction Programmes

Authorities in Belize are known to have3 42 implemented voluntary firearm surrender schemes, and/or weapon seizure programmes in order to reduce the number of illicit firearms in circulation

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Small Arms Destroyed

In Belize, the total number of firearms destroyed following recent amnesty, collection and seizure programmes is reported to be 78542 (2006-2008)

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Destruction and Disposal Policy

In Belize, it is not state policy19 20 to destroy surplus, collected and seized firearms rather than return them to the secondary arms market

MeasuresInternational Controls

Regional Agreements

Central American Integration System

As a member of the Central American Integration System (SICA), Belize is party to the 2007 Central American Programme on Small Arms Control and the Code of Conduct of Central American States on the Transfer of Arms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other Related Material43

Organization of American States

On 14 November 1997, as a member of the Organisation of American States (OAS), Belize adopted the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA), a legally binding multilateral treaty of which the OAS is depository. The CIFTA Convention has since been signed and ratified44 45 by Belize

United Nations Arms Trade Treaty

In 2009, Belize voted to begin46 negotiations towards a legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. In this vote, 151 UN Member States supported talks on an ATT, with 1 voting against, 20 abstentions, and 20 non-votes

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United Nations Firearms Protocol

The United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition has not been signed47 by Belize

United Nations Small Arms Programme of Action UNPoA

UNPoA Commitment

On 21 July 2001, Belize committed to a consensus decision of the United Nations to adopt, support and implement the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects48

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UNPoA National Reporting

Under the terms of its 2001 commitment to the United Nations small arms Programme of Action, Belize has yet to submit a national report49 50 on its implementation of the UNPoA

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UNPoA National Point of Contact

In Belize, a National Point of Contact to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has been designated50

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UNPoA National Coordinating Body

In Belize, a National Coordinating Body to deal with issues relating to the UNPoA has not been designated50

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UNPoA Civil Society Involvement and Support

In National Reports of Belize submitted to the UN, a history of substantive cooperation with civil society in support of UNPoA activities is not apparent50

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UNPoA International Assistance – Donor

Funds for UNPoA implementation have not been donated50 by Belize to other UN Member States

United Nations Small Arms Register

According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, Belize has not declared51 its small arms exports in one or more annual National Reports on Arms Exports.

United Nations Membership

In the UN List of Member States, Belize has been a Member State of the United Nations since 198152

Wassenaar Arrangement

The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies does not list53 Belize as a Participating State

Short References

1.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q5)Full Citation

2.

Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q4)Full Citation

3.

Bowden, Bert.2010.‘Illicit Firearm Trafficking and Control Mechanisms in Belize.’ IX Seminar: Control of Arms Transfers and Trafficking – Compilation.Santa Marta:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime / UNODC,25 February. (Q5463)Full Citation

4.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q6)Full Citation

5.

Karp, Aaron.2006.‘Trickle and Torrent: State stockpiles.’ Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1 July. (Q7)Full Citation

6.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Intentional Homicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5678)Full Citation

7.

UNODC.2011.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Belize.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,6 October. (Q6350)Full Citation

8.

Petrini, Benjamin.2011.‘Latin America and the Caribbean, 1995-2008, Total Recorded Intentional Homicide, Completed, Rate per 100,000 Population.’ World Bank Homicide Rate Dataset 1995-2008.Washington DC:Social Development Department, World Bank,10 February. (Q3817)Full Citation

9.

OAS Observatory on Citizen Security.2011.‘Suicide.’ Report on Citizen Security in the Americas 2011.Washington, DC:Organisation of American States,1 January. (Q5680)Full Citation

10.

Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12)Full Citation

11.

Belize.2000.‘Prohibition Against Manufacture of Firearms or Ammunition.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1760)Full Citation

12.

Belize.2000.‘Exportation of Firearms, etc., from Belize.’ Firearms (International Movement of Firearms, Firearms Parts, Components and Ammunition) (Control) Regulations, No.23 of 2000.Belmopan:Minister of National Security,26 February. (Q1742)Full Citation

13.

Belize.2000.‘Exportation of Ammunition from Belize.’ Firearms (International Movement of Firearms, Firearms Parts, Components and Ammunition) (Control) Regulations, No.23 of 2000.Belmopan:Minister of National Security,26 February. (Q1744)Full Citation

14.

Belize.2000.‘Authorised Quantities.’ Firearms (International Movement of Firearms, Firearms Parts, Components and Ammunition) (Control) Regulations, No.23 of 2000.Belmopan:Minister of National Security,26 February. (Q1745)Full Citation

15.

Belize.2000.‘Records.’ Firearms (International Movement of Firearms, Firearms Parts, Components and Ammunition) (Control) Regulations, No.23 of 2000.Belmopan:Minister of National Security,26 February. (Q1746)Full Citation

16.

Marsh, Nicholas.2013.‘Database of Authorised Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ NISAT Small Arms Trade Database.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,14 February. (Q16)Full Citation

17.

Belize.2000.‘Importation of Firearms, etc., into Belize.’ Firearms (International Movement of Firearms, Firearms Parts, Components and Ammunition) (Control) Regulations, No.23 of 2000.Belmopan:Minister of National Security,26 February. (Q1743)Full Citation

18.

Belize.2000.‘Importation of Firearms.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1753)Full Citation

19.

Belize.2000.‘Firearms Act.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q4070)Full Citation

20.

Belize.2000.‘Statutory Instrument No.23 of 2000.’ Firearms (International Movement of Firearms, Firearms Parts, Components and Ammunition) (Control) Regulations.Belmopan:Minister of National Security,26 February. (Q4915)Full Citation

21.

Newton, George D and Franklin E Zimring.1969.‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’ Firearms & Violence in American Life: A Staff Report submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence.Washington, DC:US Government Printing Office,1 January. (Q22)Full Citation

22.

Belize.2000.‘Firearms Act.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1747)Full Citation

23.

Belize.2008.‘Firearms (Amendment) Act.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, No.6 of 2008.Belmopan:House of Representatives and the Senate of Belize,2 June. (Q3578)Full Citation

24.

Belize.2000.‘Statutory Instrument No.23 of 2000.’ Firearms (International Movement of Firearms, Firearms Parts, Components and Ammunition) (Control) Regulations.Belmopan:Minister of National Security,26 February. (Q4916)Full Citation

25.

Belize.2000.‘Licences, By Whom Granted and Conditions of Issue.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1750)Full Citation

26.

Belize.2008.‘Prohibited Firearms, Ammunition and other Materials.’ Statutory Instrument No.70 of 2008, Firearms (Amendment of Schedules) Order, 2008.Belmopan:Minister of National Security and the Commissioner of Police,12 June. (Q3580)Full Citation

27.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5361)Full Citation

28.

Belize.2000.‘Prohibition against Keeping Firearms without Licence.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1748)Full Citation

29.

Belize.2011.‘Application for Firearms Licence.’ Belize Police Department Firearms Licence Application Form.Belmopan:Belize Police Department,26 June. (Q5213)Full Citation

30.

Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. (Q5396)Full Citation

31.

Belize.2000.‘Offences in Respect of Persons Under 16 Years of Age.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1758)Full Citation

32.

Belize.2000.‘Regulations.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1762)Full Citation

33.

Belize.2000.‘Expiry of Licences.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1763)Full Citation

34.

Belize.2000.‘Register of Licences.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1752)Full Citation

35.

Belize.2000.‘Unlicensed Persons Selling Firearms.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1754)Full Citation

36.

Belize.2000.‘Licensed Gun Dealer to Keep Stock Books.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1755)Full Citation

37.

Belize.2000.‘Gun Dealer Licences.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1749)Full Citation

38.

Belize.2000.‘Licences, By Whom Granted and Conditions of Issue.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1751)Full Citation

39.

Belize.2000.‘Minister May Prohibit Carrying or Sale of Arms.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1756)Full Citation

40.

Belize.2000.‘Restriction on the Carrying of Firearms in Certain Circumstances.’ Firearms Act, Chapter 143, Revised Edition 2000.Belmopan:Law Revision Commissioner,31 December. (Q1761)Full Citation

41.

Belize.2008.‘General Penalty.’ Firearms (Amendment) Act, No.6 of 2008.Belmopan:House of Representatives and the Senate of Belize,2 June. (Q3579)Full Citation

42.

Espinoza, Ana Yancy.2010.‘Seized and Destroyed Arms (Armas Decomisadas y Destruidas).’ IX Seminar: Control of Arms Transfers and Trafficking – Compilation (IX Seminario: Control del Tráfico y Transferencia de Armas de Fuego – Sistematización).Santa Marta:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime / UNODC,25 February. (Q5508)Full Citation

43.

UNODA.2007.‘Central American Programme on Small Arms Control.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York:Central American Integration System / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,1 January. (Q3221)Full Citation

44.

OAS / UNODA.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials / CIFTA.’ United Nations Programme of Action Implementation Support System: Regional Organisations.New York:Organization of American States / United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,14 November. (Q3244)Full Citation

45.

OAS.1997.‘Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Explosives, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (CIFTA): Signatures and Ratifications.’ Organization of American States, Department of International Law.Washington DC:Organization of American States,14 November. (Q3262)Full Citation

46.

UNGA.2009.‘Towards an Arms Trade Treaty: Establishing common international standards for the import, export and transfer of conventional arms.’ UN Resolution A/RES/64/48.New York:United Nations General Assembly,2 June. (Q1886)Full Citation

47.

UNGA.2001.‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’ UN General Assembly Resolution 55/255.New York:UN General Assembly,31 May. (Q17)Full Citation

48.

UNGA.2001.‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’ United Nations General Assembly.New York:UN General Assembly,20 July. (Q18)Full Citation

49.

Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. (Q20)Full Citation

50.

UNODA.2009.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) – Implementation Support System.New York:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,29 October. (Q1309)Full Citation

51.

UNODA.2011.‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports.’ United Nations Register of Conventional Arms - The Global Reported Arms Trade.New York:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,21 October. (Q14)Full Citation

52.

UN.2013.‘Member States of the United Nations.’ UN.org Web Site.New York:United Nations General Assembly,7 April. (Q290)Full Citation

53.

Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. (Q19)Full Citation